Blue and Purple Side by Side Solid Color

Color is an all embracing term for any visual sensation derived from light.

Color has three distinct properties: hue, value, and saturation (or intensity).

Hue (color) refers to the specific name of a color.� Red, blue, green, etc.

Value usually refers to the amount of black in a color.� The more black a color has,� the darker its value.

Saturation (also called intensity or chroma) refers to the amount of color used.� When a color is at full saturation, it is extremely vibrant.� When a color is desaturated, a large amount of color has been removed.� Desaturated colors tend to be close to neutral because there is so much gray in them.

Color Wheel �A color wheel is a visual representation of colors arranged in a circle according to their chromatic relationship.�

The colors on the color wheel shown at right starting at the top and going clockwise are: yellow, yellow-green, green, blue-green, blue, blue-violet, violet, red-violet, red, red-orange, orange, and yellow-orange.

Primary Colors �The primary colors are red, yellow, and blue.

These 3 colors are the base colors for every other color on the color wheel.

This is why they are called primary.� When you mix two primaries together, you get a secondary color.

Secondary Colors �The secondary colors are orange, green, and violet (purple).

These 3 colors are what you get when you mix two primary colors together.� Blue +Yellow= Green, Blue + Red = Violet, Red + Yellow = Orange.

Intermediate (tertiary) Colors �These are those in between colors like Yellow-Green and Red-Violet.� They are made by mixing one primary color and one secondary color together.� There can be endless variations of the intermediate colors depending on how they are mixed.

Shades & Tints� Darker versions of colors are produced by adding black and are called shades.� Shades are sometimes also called deep or dark colors.

Lighter versions of colors are produced by adding white and are called tints.� Tints are also sometimes called pale or light colors.

Neutral Colors �Browns and variations of gray are called neutrals.� These are not on most color wheels, but they are considered neutral because the do not contrast with much of anything.

COLOR SCHEMES

We use the color categories to then create color schemes.� A color scheme is a combination of colors that look visually pleasing together.� Color schemes should be used in designing our color combinations in a painting, digital image, etc.

Monochromatic Color �Relying on only one color, with variations in intensity (saturation) and value (lightness/darkness) of this single color.� This scheme looks clean and elegant.� Monochromatic colors go well together and produce a soothing effect.

Complementary Colors �Colors that are directly across from each other on the color wheel.� For example: Red and Green, Blue and Orange, or Violet and Yellow.� Complementary colors are useful when you want to make something stand out.

Analogous Colors �These are colors right next to each other on the color wheel.� For example: red and orange or Blue and Green.� They usually match extremely well, but they also create almost no contrast.� They are good for very serene-feeling designs and artwork where you want viewers to feel comfortable.

Warm Colors �Colors on one side of the color wheel such as red, yellow, and orange.� These colors evoke warmth because they remind us of things like the sun or fire.� Warm colors appear to advance or come at you visually.

Cool Colors �Colors on one side of the color wheel like blue, green and violet (purple).� These colors evoke a cool feeling because they remind us of things like water or grass.� Cool colors appear to recede or go away from you visually.

COLOR MIXING

Mixing light vs. Mixing pigment

Additive Color �Defining color in terms of visible light waves.� The presence of all light waves simultaneously produces white light.� The additive primaries are red, green, and blue.� As these colors mix they produce all colors in the visible spectrum.

Subtractive Color �Defining color in terms of pigment (paint, ink).� We see what is reflected from objects (in other words, we see the remainder after some wavelengths have been subtracted).� The subtractive primaries are magenta, yellow, and cyan.� The presence of all subtractive primaries simultaneously produces black.

Simultaneous Contrast �Colors adjacent to one another can influence each other.

Negative afterimages �Colors on the eye can effect the way the brain perceives other colors.� The retina gets over stimulated with one color, and will automatically see the complementary color as an afterimage .

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